• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    cold spray nozzle aided by coaxial laser. the present invention relates to a cold spray nozzle assembly for applying a particle cover to a substrate that includes a nozzle defining an internal passage with a nozzle outlet. the nozzle assembly also includes a particle supply element in communication with the internal passage. the particle supply element provides the particles to flow and accelerate through the internal passage and out of the nozzle through the nozzle outlet towards the substrate to be covered thereafter. moreover, the nozzle assembly includes a laser that emits a laser beam that is transmitted through the internal passage. the laser heats at least one between the particles and the substrate to stimulate the coverage of the substrate with the particles.
    公开号:BR112012013498B1
    申请号:R112012013498-1
    申请日:2010-12-03
    公开日:2020-08-18
    发明作者:Pravansu S. Mohanty
    申请人:The Regents Of The University Of Michigan；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    GOVERNMENT RIGHTS
    [0001] This invention was created with government support under concession number N00244-07-P-0553 granted by the United States Navy. The government has certain rights in the invention. FIELD
    [0002] The present description refers to the cover with thermal spray and, more particularly, to the cold spray nozzle aided by coaxial laser, and in particular, the present invention relates to a cold spray nozzle assembly of according to embodiment 1 and a cold spray coverage method according to embodiment 8. BACKGROUND
    [0003] This section provides background information related to the present description that is not necessarily prior art.
    [0004] Thermal spray is a technique used to cover a substrate, for example, to protect the substrate against corrosion. Cold spray is a type of thermal spray in which a stream of solid particles is accelerated to high speeds by a carrier gas through a nozzle towards the substrate. The particles have sufficient kinetic energy upon impact with the substrate to deform plastically and join metallurgically / mechanically to the substrate to form a cover.
    [0005] The particles are accelerated to a critical speed, such that the cover can be created. This critical speed may depend on the properties of the particles and the substrate (ie, deformity, shape, size, temperature, etc.).
    [0006] The particles can also be heated by the carrier gas in order to make the particles more plastic to deform on impact. The amount of heat delivered from the gas may depend on the properties of the particles and the substrate.
    [0007] Excessively hard substrates (for example, tool steel) can be difficult to coat by cold spray. This is because the substrate may not deform enough to allow the particles to stick together and form the cover. The impact of the particles can also cause the substrate to crack.
    [0008] In addition, excessively soft substrates (for example, polymers) can also be difficult to cover using cold spray techniques. For example, these substrates can be damaged by the impact of the particles and / or the high temperatures of the gas used to accelerate the particles.
    [0009] Furthermore, some particles may not be suitable for cold spray. For example, excessively hard particles (for example, ceramics) may not deform sufficiently on impact with the substrate to bond and cover the substrate.
    [00010] GB 2,439,934 A discloses the characteristics of the preamble of embodiments 1 and 8. In this document, a cold spray system is described that uses a high-speed gas flow to accelerate a flow of particles over a substrate to form coatings and layers. The cold spray system is equipped with a laser generator to heat the particles and the substrate and to melt and eliminate blockages that may occur in the associated convergent / divergent nozzle. The beam of laser light is positioned along the same axis as the flow of particles emanating from the nozzle. The dimensions of the laser beam are equal to or less than those of the nozzle throat. The heated gas, 100-900 ° C, enters the nozzle.
    [00011] WO 91/16146 A1 discloses a process of thermally coating surfaces with a fluoropolymer in the form of a powder, sheet, dispersion or suspension which is applied to the surface, while heating the fluoropolymer and the substrate at the same time. In order to produce coatings from fluoropolymers prepared from fusion, it is proposed to heat the substrate and, simultaneously, fuse the fluoropolymer with a laser beam, the surface temperature being determined over the coating zone and maintained by in-line control. within the temperature range between the fluoropolymer melting point and 100 ° C above the melting point.
    [00012] US 5,043,548 discloses a laser plasma spray apparatus for depositing a feed material on a substrate, wherein the apparatus includes a nozzle with a plasma confinement chamber in which a laser beam is focused. The feed material divided into a carrier gas stream is introduced axially into the confinement chamber along the direction of the laser beam, the feed material and the gas at the focal point. The molten feed material is then directed to deposit on the substrate.
    [00013] US 6,074,135 discloses an environmentally compatible applicator and triboelectric process for coating or ablating a substrate and for recovering excess material or ejected from the substrate. The applicator comprises an internal supersonic nozzle to accelerate projectile particles with triboelectric charge entrained in a supersonic gas at speeds sufficiently high to coat or ablate a substrate. SUMMARY
    [00014] This section provides a general summary of the description and is not a comprehensive description of its full scope or all of its aspects. A cold spray nozzle assembly according to embodiment 1 and a cold spray cover method according to embodiment 8.
    [00015] A cold spray nozzle assembly for applying a particle coating to a substrate is revealed. The nozzle assembly includes a nozzle defining an internal passage with a nozzle outlet. The nozzle assembly also includes a particle supply element in communication with the internal passage. The particle supply element provides the particles to flow and accelerate through the internal passage and out of the nozzle through the nozzle outlet towards the substrate to be covered thereafter. In addition, the nozzle assembly includes a laser that emits a laser beam that is transmitted through the internal passage. The laser heats at least one of the particles and the substrate to stimulate the coverage of the substrate with the particles.
    [00016] Additionally, a method of applying a particle coating to a substrate is disclosed. The method includes providing the particles to flow and accelerate through an internal passage of a nozzle and out of the nozzle through the exit of the nozzle towards the substrate. The method further includes transmitting a laser beam through the internal passage to heat at least one of the particles and the substrate to stimulate the substrate to cover the particles.
    [00017] A cold spray nozzle assembly for applying a particle coating to a substrate is also revealed. The nozzle assembly includes a nozzle defining an internal passage with a nozzle inlet, a nozzle outlet and a substantially straight longitudinal axis extending through both the nozzle inlet and the nozzle outlet. The internal passage is rectangular in a cut taken perpendicular to the longitudinal geometric axis, and the cut remains rectangular throughout the entire nozzle from the nozzle inlet to the nozzle outlet. The inner passage also includes a converging section adjacent to the nozzle inlet and a diverging section adjacent to the nozzle outlet. The nozzle also includes a particle supply inlet that communicates with the diverging section and extends across the longitudinal geometric axis of the internal passage. The nozzle assembly also includes a particle supply element in communication with the particle supply inlet. The particle supply element provides the particles to flow and accelerate through the internal passage and out of the nozzle through the nozzle outlet to the substrate to be covered thereafter. In addition, the nozzle assembly includes a gas supply element that provides gas for the internal passage to flow through the internal passage of the nozzle to accelerate the particles. In addition, the nozzle assembly includes a laser that emits a laser beam that is transmitted into the nozzle through the nozzle inlet, through the internal passage and out of the nozzle through the nozzle outlet. The laser heats both the particles and the substrate to stimulate the coverage of the substrate with the particles. Furthermore, the nozzle assembly includes a handling device that moves at least one of the nozzle and the substrate in relation to the other.
    [00018] Additional areas of applicability will become evident from the description provided here. The description and specific examples in this summary are intended for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this description. DRAWINGS
    [00019] The drawings described here are for illustrative purposes only of the selected modality and not of all possible achievements, and are not intended to limit the scope of this description.
    [00020] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a cold spray nozzle assembly according to several exemplary embodiments of the present description, Figure 2 is a longitudinal section view of the cold spray nozzle assembly of Figure 1 , figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the cold spray nozzle assembly of figure 1, shown during the operation of a laser thereof, figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a nozzle of the spray nozzle assembly of figure 1, figure 5 is a photograph of a planar substrate that has been covered using the cold spray nozzle assembly of figure 1 and figure 6 is a photograph of a tubular substrate that has been covered using the nozzle assembly of cold spray of figure 1. Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts for all the various views of the drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [00021] Exemplary modalities will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings.
    [00022] With reference initially to figures 1-4, a cold spray nozzle assembly 10 is illustrated according to several exemplary embodiments of the present description. The cold spray nozzle assembly 10 can be used to apply a coating 11 of particles 12 to a substrate 14 (figures 1, 5 and 6) as will be described in more detail below.
    [00023] Assembly 10 can include a nozzle 16 having a substantially straight longitudinal geometric axis X. As shown in figures 2-4, nozzle 16 can define an internal passage 18 that extends parallel to the geometric axis X. The internal passage 18 may also include a nozzle inlet 20 and a nozzle outlet 22 at opposite ends of the same (figures 2-4). As best shown in Figure 4, the inner passage 18 can include a converging section 24 adjacent to the nozzle inlet 20 and a diverging section 26 adjacent to the outlet of nozzle 22. More specifically, both converging and diverging sections 24, 26 can be conical . The narrow convergent section 24 moving away from the inlet 20 and the divergent section 26 widens towards the outlet 22. The convergent section 24 is connected to the divergent section 26 to define a shoulder 27 (figure 4). As will be discussed, particles 12 flow through the internal passage 18, and the convergent and divergent sections 24,26 guarantee an appropriate flow field in passage 18, such that the particles 12 move at a speed sufficient to cover the substrate 14.
    [00024] As shown in figure 1, the outlet 22 can be substantially rectangular in shape. More specifically, the inner passage 18 can have a substantially rectangular cross section taken perpendicular to the geometric axis X adjacent to the outlet 22. The entire inner passage 18 can have a similar substantially rectangular cross section along the entire geometric axis X of the passage 18; however, it will be evident that the area of such a cross section will change along the geometric axis X due to the tapering of the convergent and divergent sections 24, 26. It will also be verified that the internal passage 18 and the outlet 22 may alternatively have any suitable shape (not rectangular).
    [00025] Furthermore, as shown in figure 4, the nozzle 16 can include one or more particle supply inlets 28a, 28b. Nozzle 16 can include any number of ports 28a, 28b and ports 28a, 28b can be arranged in any suitable location. In the embodiment shown, there are two inlets 28a, 28b arranged symmetrically on opposite sides of the geometric X axis. The particle supply inlets 28a, 28b can each extend across the geometric axis X. For example, the particles 28a, 28b can each be arranged at a positive acute angle relative to the geometric axis X and generally towards the outlet 22.
    [00026] As shown in figure 1, assembly 10 may include a particle supply element, shown schematically at 30. The particle supply element 30 may be in (fluid) communication with the internal passage 18 of the nozzle 16 through the entries 28a, 28b. For example, the particle supply element 30 may include one or more tubes 29a, 29b (figures 1-3) that are received in and operably coupled to inlets 28a, 28b, respectively. Thus, as will be discussed, particles 12 can be supplied from the tubes 29a, 29b of the supply element 30 to flow through the inlets 28a, 28b, through the internal passage 18 and out of the outlet of the nozzle 22 towards the substrate 14 to cover substrate 14 with particles 12.
    [00027] It will be verified that the particles 12 can be of any suitable type. For example, particles 12 can be metallic, polymeric and / or pulverized ceramic particles 12. Also, particles 12 can be a mixture composed of metallic, polymeric and / or ceramic particles 12.
    [00028] Referring to figures 1-3, assembly 10 may further include a pressure tube 32. Pressure tube 32 may include a first branch 34, a second branch 36 and a third branch 38, each of which is hollow and stays in fluid communication with each other. The first, second and third branches 34, 36, 38 can also be in fluid communication with the inlet of the nozzle 20. The first branch 34 can be fixed directly to the nozzle 16 so as to be coaxial with the geometric axis X. The second branch 36 and the third branch 36, 38 can be arranged at an acute angle to the geometric axis X and can be directed generally towards the entrance of the nozzle 20. The third branch 38 can be arranged between the second branch 36 and the entrance of the nozzle 20.
    [00029] Furthermore, as shown in figure 1, the assembly 10 can include a gas supply element 31. The gas supply element 31 can be in fluid communication with the second branch 36 of the pressure tube 32. The gas supply element 31 can supply any gas suitable for pressurizing the internal passage 18 of the nozzle 16.
    [00030] Furthermore, the assembly 10 can include a laser 40. The laser 40 can be of any suitable type, such as a diode laser of a known type. The laser 40 may include a fiber optic cable 42 and at least one or more (for example, three) lenses 44a, 44b, 44c (figure 2). The laser 40 can be operably coupled to the first branch 34 of the pressure tube 32 so as to be substantially coaxial with the geometric axis X. As will be discussed, the laser 40 can emit a laser beam 46 (figures 1 and 3) which is transmitted through the inlet 20 of the internal passage 18 of the nozzle 16 and out of the nozzle 16 through the outlet 22 towards the substrate 14. The laser beam 46 can be directed substantially parallel to and coaxial with the geometric axis X towards to substrate 14, although some degree of propagation of beam 46 away from geometric axis X may occur.
    [00031] As shown in figure 1, the assembly 10 can further include a platform 49 on which the pressure tube 32 and the laser 40 are mounted. Assembly 10 may also include a handling device 50 that moves platform 49 and / or substrate 14 relative to each other. In the embodiment shown, the handling device 50 is operably coupled to the platform 49, such that the platform 49 can move while the substrate 14 remains stationary; however, it will be found that the handling device 50 could move the substrate 14 while the platform 49 remains stationary, or the handling device 50 could be configured to move both the platform 49 and the substrate 14 with respect to each other. The handling device 50 can be of any suitable type, such as a robotic handling device 50. When the handling device 50 moves the platform 49, the laser 40, the pressure tube 32 and the nozzle 16 are moved as a unit in relation to the substrate 14.
    [00032] Additionally, assembly 10 may include a controller 52. Controller 52 may be of any suitable type, such as a programmable computer. The controller 52 can be in communication with the laser 40, the handling device 50, the gas supply element 31 and the particle supply element 30 to operate each one. Controller 52 can also be in communication with third branch 38 to receive feedback regarding pressure within pressure tube 32 and nozzle 16. For example, a pressure sensor (not shown) can be operably coupled to the third branch 38 for detecting pressure within pressure tube 32 and nozzle 16 and the pressure sensor can also provide correlative electronic feedback signals to controller 52 to control assembly 10.
    [00033] During operation, controller 52 can move assembly 10 to a desired position with respect to substrate 14 using handling device 50. When in the appropriate position, controller 52 can operate laser 40 to emit the laser beam 46 through the pressure tube 32, through the nozzle 16 and to the substrate 14. The energy of the laser beam 46 can heat the substrate 14 to make the substrate 14 more sensitive to plastic deformation and to prepare the substrate 14 for the covering. It will be verified that this “pretreatment” of the substrate 14 can be skipped in some modalities, depending on the type of substrate material 14.
    [00034] Also, in some embodiments, the controller 52 can cause the gas supply element 31 to supply gas into the internal passage 18 and to the substrate 14 before and during the operation of the laser 40. As such, the gas can reduce the probability of substrate oxidation 14.
    [00035] After the laser 40 has started to operate, the controller 52 can cause the particle supply element 30 to deliver the particles 12. The particles 12 can be accelerated by the gas to or beyond a critical speed within the internal passage 18 and directed towards the substrate 14. The energy of the laser beam 46 can heat particles 12 along the path towards the substrate 14. Because particles 12 are heated, particles 12 can deform more easily when particles 12 impact the substrate 14.
    [00036] Furthermore, the energy of the laser beam 46 can continue to heat substrate 14 when particles 12 are ejected onto substrate 14. Thus, substrate 14 can deform plastically more easily.
    [00037] The handling device 50 can continuously move the assembly 10 to also cover the substrate 14 with the particles 12 in predetermined areas. An example of cover 11 on a planar substrate 14 is shown in figure 5 and an example of cover 11 on a tubular substrate 14 is shown in figure 6.
    [00038] Thus, mount 10 can be used to cover a substrate 14 with particles 12. A wider variety of substrates 14 can be used (for example, harder or softer substrates 14) when compared to substrates typically used in cold spray coating processes. Specifically, particles 12 can be supplied at relatively low pressures because the heating of particles 12 is caused by laser 40 instead of just high pressure gas as in prior art systems. Likewise, the critical speed of particles 12 can be reduced for the same reasons. For these reasons, the impact of the particles 12 is less likely to damage the substrate 14. Thus, the substrate 14 may be softer or harder than the substrates typically covered by cold spray coating processes.
    [00039] Also, a wider variety of particles 12 can be used (for example, harder or softer composite particles 12) when compared to particles typically used in cold spray coating processes. This is because the laser 40 heats the particles 12 before impact with the substrate 14 and allows the particles 12 to deform plastically more easily.
    [00040] In addition, substrate 14 does not necessarily need to be protected against oxidation (for example, in a protected environmental chamber). This is because the substrate area 14 affected by the laser beam 46 remains within the gas stream supplied by the gas supply element 31.
    [00041] Additionally, because of the rectangular cross section of the internal passage 18 and because of the rectangular shape of the outlet of the nozzle 22, the particles 12 can be deposited in an absolutely uniform thickness on the substrate 14 (see figures 5 and 6) when compared to prior art systems. In this way, the finished part can be more aesthetically pleasing, can fit better to other parts and can have better resistance to corrosion due to annealing in place.
    [00042] The preceding description of the modalities has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present description. Individual elements or aspects of a particular modality are generally not limited to that particular modality, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in a selected modality, even if not specifically shown or described. It can also be varied in many ways. Such variations should not be considered a departure from the present description, and all such changes are intended to be included within the scope of this description.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    1. Cold spray nozzle assembly to apply a particle cover (12) to a substrate (14) comprising: a nozzle (16) defining an internal passage (18) having a converging section (24) adjacent to an inlet nozzle (20) and a divergent section (26) adjacent to a nozzle outlet (22), a gas supply element (31) that supplies gas to the internal passage (18) of the nozzle (16) to flow through the passage internal (18) of the nozzle (16); a particle supply element (30) in communication with the internal passage (18), the particle supply element (30) providing the particles (12) to flow and accelerate through the gas supplied through the internal passage (18) by the gas supplied and out of the nozzle (16) through the nozzle outlet (22) towards the substrate (14) to be covered over it, where the nozzle (16) includes a particle supply inlet (28a, 28b) with a geometric axis that is transversal to a longitudinal geometric axis of the internal passage (18), in which the particle supply element (30) is in communication with the internal passage (18) through the particle supply entrance (28a, 28b); and a laser (40) that emits a laser beam (46) that is transmitted through the internal passage (18), the laser (40) heating the particles (12) the substrate (14) to promote coverage of the substrate (14) with particles (12), characterized by the fact that the particle supply inlet (28a, 28b) is in direct communication with the divergent section (26) of the internal passage (18) of the nozzle (16), and that the laser (40) heats the particles (12) such that the particles (12) can deform more readily when the particles (12) impact the substrate (14).
    [0002]
    2. Cold spray nozzle assembly, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the internal passage (18) has a straight longitudinal geometric axis, and in which the laser beam is directed in parallel and coaxial to the axis longitudinal geometric shape, out of the nozzle outlet (22) and towards the substrate (14).
    [0003]
    3. Cold spray nozzle assembly, according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the longitudinal geometric axis extends through both the nozzle inlet (20) and the nozzle outlet (22), and in which the laser is operably coupled to the nozzle (16) such that the laser beam (46) is transmitted into the nozzle (16) through the nozzle inlet (20).
    [0004]
    4. Cold spray nozzle assembly according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the internal passage (18) of the nozzle (16) is rectangular in a cross section taken perpendicular to a longitudinal geometric axis of the internal passage ( 18).
    [0005]
    5. Cold spray nozzle assembly, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the particle supply element (30) is in communication with the internal passage (18) downstream of the laser (40) such that the particles (12) are heated by the laser beam (46).
    [0006]
    6. Cold spray nozzle assembly, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it still comprises a pressure tube (32) that is arranged between the laser (40) and the nozzle (16), the pressure (32) being in fluid communication with the internal passage (18), where the gas supply element (31) supplies the gas to the pressure pipe (32) to flow through the internal passage (18) of the nozzle (16) and out of the nozzle outlet (22).
    [0007]
    7. Cold spray nozzle assembly, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it still comprises a handling device that moves at least one between the nozzle (16) and the substrate (14) in relation to the other.
    [0008]
    8. Cold spray coating method of applying a particle cover (12) to a substrate (14), comprising the steps of: supplying a gas to an internal passage (18) of a nozzle (16) to flow through the internal passage (18) of the nozzle (16), the nozzle (16) having a converging section (24) adjacent to a nozzle inlet (20) and a diverging section (26) adjacent to a nozzle outlet (22), supply the particles (12) to the internal passage (18) of the nozzle (16) to flow and accelerate through the gas supplied through the internal passage (18) of the nozzle (16) and out of the nozzle (16) through the nozzle outlet (22) towards the substrate (14); transmitting a laser beam (46) through the internal passage (18) to heat the particles (12) and the substrate (14) to provide coverage of the substrate (14) with the particles (12); and moving at least one between the nozzle (16) and the substrate (14) in relation to each other, characterized by the fact that it comprises the steps of supplying the particles (12) to the internal passage (18) of the nozzle (16) through a particle supply inlet (28a, 28b) which is in direct communication with the divergent section (26) of the internal passage (18) of the nozzle (16), and heat the particles (12) by the laser beam (46) such that the particles (12) can deform more readily when the particles (12) impact the substrate (14).
    [0009]
    9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the step of transmitting the laser beam (46) out of the nozzle outlet (22) includes heating the substrate (14) with the laser beam (46 ), where heating the substrate (14) with the laser beam (46) occurs before supplying the particles (12) to flow through the internal passage (18).
    [0010]
    10. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the step of transmitting the laser beam (46) out of the nozzle outlet (22) includes heating the substrate (14) with the laser beam (46) ), where the heating of the substrate (14) with the laser beam (46) occurs while supplying the particles (12) to flow and accelerate through the internal passage (18) of the nozzle (16).
    [0011]
    11. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the step of transmitting the laser beam (46) includes transmitting the laser beam (46) in parallel and coax with a longitudinal geometric axis of the internal passage (18 ).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    JP2013513029A|2013-04-18|
    EP2506981A2|2012-10-10|
    EP2506981A4|2014-12-17|
    MY165224A|2018-03-13|
    EP2506981B1|2018-02-14|
    IL220087D0|2012-09-24|
    AU2010325875A1|2012-06-21|
    KR20120103617A|2012-09-19|
    ZA201204068B|2013-09-25|
    NZ600491A|2014-09-26|
    AU2010325875B2|2014-09-04|
    WO2011069101A3|2011-12-15|
    JP5738885B2|2015-06-24|
    BR112012013498A2|2016-05-31|
    MX2012006392A|2012-08-23|
    CA2782698C|2018-02-13|
    KR101770576B1|2017-08-23|
    WO2011069101A2|2011-06-09|
    DK2506981T3|2018-03-12|
    CN102712007A|2012-10-03|
    US20110300306A1|2011-12-08|
    CA2782698A1|2011-06-09|
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2020-01-28| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-06-23| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-08-18| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 03/12/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US26663909P| true| 2009-12-04|2009-12-04|
    US61/266,639|2009-12-04|
    PCT/US2010/058953|WO2011069101A2|2009-12-04|2010-12-03|Coaxial laser assisted cold spray nozzle|
    US12/959,523|2010-12-03|
    US12/959,523|US9481933B2|2009-12-04|2010-12-03|Coaxial laser assisted cold spray nozzle|
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